Everything about Haplogroup H Y-dna totally explained
In
human genetics,
Haplogroup H (M69) is a
Y-chromosome haplogroup.
This haplogroup is found at a high frequency in
India and
Sri Lanka. It is generally rare outside of the
Indian subcontinent but is common among the
Roma people, particularly the H-M82 subgroup.
Origins
It is a branch of
Haplogroup F, and is believed to have arisen in India between 20,000 and 30,000 years ago. Its probable site of introduction is India since it's concentrated there, but it may also have arisen in
Iran or the
Middle East. It seems to represent the main Y-haplogroup of the indigenous paleolithic inhabitants of India, because it's the most frequent Y-haplogroup of lower castes and tribal populations (25-35%), especially those of Dravidian origin. On the other hand, its presence in upper castes is quite rare (ca. 10%) (Cordaux et al. 2004, Sengupta et al. 2006, Thanseem et al. 2006).
Distribution
Very low frequencies of the Haplogroup H are found among populations of
Pakistan compared to the frequency of this haplogroup among Indian populations. A recent study of Y-chromosome variation among populations of Pakistan found Haplogroup H1-M52 Y-chromosomes in only 2.5% of a sample of the general Pakistani population (16 out of 638 individuals), and this haplogroup was also found at similar frequencies among ethnic
Pashtuns (4/96 or 4.2%) and
Burusho (4/97 or 4.1%). Surprisingly, Haplogroup H1-M52 was found at a much higher frequency among this study's sample of
Kalash (9/44 or 20.5%) (Firasat et al. 2007).
Haplogroup H has been found very rarely outside of the Roma and populations of the Indian subcontinent, including approximately 6% (1 out of 17 individuals) of a sample of
Kurds from
Turkmenistan, 4% (2/53) of
Iranians from
Samarkand, 2% (1/56) of
Uzbeks from
Bukhara, 3% (2/70) of Uzbeks from
Khorezm, 2% (1/63) of Uzbeks from the
Fergana Valley, 4% (2/45) of Uzbeks from Samarkand, 12.5% (2/16) of
Tajiks from
Dushanbe, and 2% (1/41) of
Uyghurs from
Kazakhstan (Wells et al. 2001). The subclade H1a-M82 has also been found in 2.0% (3/150) of a sample of
the population of Iran, but only in the southern parts of the country (Regueiro et al. 2006). Some instances of haplogroup H have also been found among populations of the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula, including 2.4% (4/164) haplogroup H*(xH1-M52) and 1.8% (3/164) haplogroup H1a-M82 in
Oman and 1.4% (1/72) H1a-M82 in
Qatar (Cadenas et al. 2007).
Further Information
Get more info on 'Haplogroup H Y-dna'.
|
External Link Exchanges
Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:
<a href="http://haplogroup_h__y-dna.totallyexplained.com">Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) Totally Explained</a>
Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned. |
